JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 48
FEATURE “Natural fibres” g…/… Industrial applications for natural-fibre-reinforced composites polluting emissions: around 50% of the UK’s CO2 emissions comes from civil constructions. More information The Second International Conference on Innovative Natural-Fibre Composites for Industrial Applications will take place in April 2009, declared Year of Natural Fibres by the FAO. The main topic will be applications for green composites. More information: www.diaa.uniroma1.it/docenti/ c.scarponi/conferenza2009/fibrenaturali09.html A step-by-step approach in aeronautical construction As far as aeronautical structures are concerned, the situation is radically different for several reasons: • high load levels, • mechanical and/or thermal and/or acoustic fatigue, • influence of environmental variables and additional durability, reliability and maintainability requirements, • need for reproducible mechanical characteristics and, more generally, “confidence” on a material’s performance, • certification requirements (except for ultralight aircraft). Fig. 3: Hemp/glass fibre rud-der prototype for the Storm 280 SI ultralight airplane. the interface to improve fibre-matrix adhesion. A number of chemical treatments improving adhesion are described in literature. Some of them were successfully tested, producing higher performance than untreated materials. RTM (Resin Transfer Moulding) is considered as a particularly suitable manufacturing technology for aeronautical construction, also because of its considerable cost/benefits advantages as compared with traditional vacuum bagging and autoclave technologies. The next step will involve electromagnetic characterization (for potential future applications in airplane radomes) and mechanical tests involving time-ambient variables, such as wet, hot and hot-wet tests. First, the idea is to introduce NFC in the construction of nonprimary structural parts for ultralight aircraft (the certification procedures are not applicable in this case) and to deal with “certified aviation” later. Thanks to their low weight and good insulating properties, NFC could be used for interiors components like hatboxes, seats, tables or sidewall panels, and for non-structural exterior applications such as radomes, fairings or wing-fuselage junctions. As a consequence, the substitution with a new material has a high impact on the costs and times required by the certification procedures. The process is usually long and costly, due to testing and numerical simulations. For these reasons, the University of Rome’s Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica e dei Materiali decided to proceed slowly, step by step, to introduce NFC in aeronautical construction. The researchers focused on four main research lines in order to improve/determine: • quality of processes, • mechanical characteristics and their reproducibility, • impact strength, • Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) & environmental impact. In-depth studies were conducted first on jute (and jute/glass hybrid laminates) and later on hemp, processed with thermosetting and thermoplastic matrices. The aim was to achieve good chemical/physical and mechanical characterization, focusing on the differences and the reproducibility of mechanical properties among various production batches/stocks. A wide array of tests were performed, ranging from traction, compression and bending to impact. SEM analysis was used to investigate the microstructure and interfacial properties. The internal damage status of specimens tested at different loads was detected by acoustic emission and ultrasound technologies based on reflection. Additional research is required to study the basic materials, the chemical-physical compatibility between fibres and matrix, and Fig. 4: Bamboo fibre boat hull, hemp table, flax chair and jute-reinforced honeycomb core. To demonstrate the recent applications of such materials, several examples were presented at the above-mentioned conference in Rome, including a hemp/glass rudder prototype for an ultralight airplane (Figure 3), a composite boat hull, chairs, lamps, tables, seats, casings, boards, road signs, train interior parts, NFreinforced honeycomb cores, and more (see Figure 4). Contact: claudio.scarponi@uniroma1.it 48 jec composites magazine / No46 January-February 2009
http://www.diaa.uniroma1.it/docenti/
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009
Cover
Editorial
CONTENTS
NEWS WORLDWIDE
Companies - Ashland buys SmartTrac technology
- Gurit signs major contract in China
- Vestas inaugurates Asia R&D centre in Singapore
- Advertisers & Index
- NRC Aerospace: a structure at the heart of the Canadian aerospace industry
- Market Place
- Agenda of events
- Equipment - High-temperature composite moulds produced by infusion
- PCM Molds and Patterns Inc
- Innovations - Prepregs for aerospace applications
- Airframe development
BUSINESS
- Market survey - Market developments in woodplasticcomposites
- Niche market: Light aircraft / Full composite body gyroplane
- Trends - Subcontracting: increasing complexity andinterdependence
- Human Capital - Human resources manager
FEATURE - NATURAL FIBRES
- Overview - A review of biocomposite development
- Resources - The availability of vegetable fibre resources
- Recycling - Striking a balance between cost and properties: reuse of paper byproducts
- Additives - Jazz up your WPC: additives improve WPC mechanically and visually
- Prepreg - A novel prepreg material combining natural fibres with a furan resin
- Applications - Applications for plant fibre/ polymer composites in the industrial sector
- Industrial applications for naturalfibre-reinforced composites
USERS’PLATFORM
- Composites in the world - Seamless fluid-like design
- Like a dolphin
- Snow no longer necessary & Eco-friendly toys
- Successful partners - Manufacturing a fuselage via oneshot infusion
- Application - Lightweight bike frame using carbon fibre spread tow
- The largest Brazilian construction project using the “Wall System”
- The invisible house
KNOW-HOW
- Quality control - Advanced ultrasonic NDT techniques for wind turbine blade inspection
- Materials - Thermally-conductive composites
- Bonding - Dismantling plastic tailgates incorporating INDAR technology
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - Editorial
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - CONTENTS
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - Companies - Ashland buys SmartTrac technology
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Gurit signs major contract in China
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Vestas inaugurates Asia R&D centre in Singapore
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Advertisers & Index
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - NRC Aerospace: a structure at the heart of the Canadian aerospace industry
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 12
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Market Place
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 14
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Agenda of events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Equipment - High-temperature composite moulds produced by infusion
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 19
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - PCM Molds and Patterns Inc
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 21
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Innovations - Prepregs for aerospace applications
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Airframe development
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - BUSINESS
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Market survey - Market developments in woodplasticcomposites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Niche market: Light aircraft / Full composite body gyroplane
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Trends - Subcontracting: increasing complexity andinterdependence
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Human Capital - Human resources manager
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - FEATURE - NATURAL FIBRES
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Overview - A review of biocomposite development
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Resources - The availability of vegetable fibre resources
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 36
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Recycling - Striking a balance between cost and properties: reuse of paper byproducts
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 38
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Additives - Jazz up your WPC: additives improve WPC mechanically and visually
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 40
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Prepreg - A novel prepreg material combining natural fibres with a furan resin
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 42
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Applications - Applications for plant fibre/ polymer composites in the industrial sector
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 44
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Industrial applications for naturalfibre-reinforced composites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 48
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - USERS’PLATFORM
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Like a dolphin
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Snow no longer necessary & Eco-friendly toys
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Successful partners - Manufacturing a fuselage via oneshot infusion
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 53
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Application - Lightweight bike frame using carbon fibre spread tow
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - The largest Brazilian construction project using the “Wall System”
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - The invisible house
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - KNOW-HOW
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Quality control - Advanced ultrasonic NDT techniques for wind turbine blade inspection
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 59
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 60
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Materials - Thermally-conductive composites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 62
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 63
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 64
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Bonding - Dismantling plastic tailgates incorporating INDAR technology
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 66
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 67
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 68
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