JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 33
Overview Should we speak of “plant-fibre-reinforced polymers”, “fully biosourced composite materials” (from agro-resources), or “biocomposites” (materials that are biocompostable at end of life)? What is really gained from their use? A few such gains are: • reduced environmental impacts, as shown by life-cycle analysis; • production of parts with good specific mechanical properties; • a set of end-of-life solutions, including recycling, incineration and biocomposting. Biocomposting requires a biopolymer matrix, which is a logical choice for this type of reinforcement. Keep in mind that it is becoming less and less acceptable to produce parts for which there is no end-of-life solution; • natural-looking, fibre-textured surface finishes for parts; • safer processing conditions in terms of impacts on human health (this claim requires verification, of course). Other, non-corporate strategic factors need to be taken into account as well: • use of sustainably produced renewable resources, which is crucial if we are to cope with future shortages of mining resources; • economic growth of rural agricultural areas due to new emerging markets, • use of an agricultural coproduct. Focus Bioproduct A commercial or industrial product that is based on energy, chemicals or processes derived from living organisms. When they are used appropriately, the sources for bioproducts are eminently renewable, as they renew themselves with the help of solar energy. Bioproducts can be used in addition to, or as a substitute for industrial products manufactured from petrochemicals or fossil fuels. we have new expectations from agriculture, specifically the preservation of natural resources, landscapes, and biodiversity. Conclusion If we can demonstrate that biocomposites are sustainable, the chances of their being adopted by the public and the markets will be all the greater. This demands that they have verifiably genuine advantages – and not just greenwashing – to offer. We need to promote the spread of acquired know-how, but also to specify where knowledge is limited to avoid misguided use (poor understanding of properties, underrated performance, inappropriate application) and disillusionment. These days, companies need to factor in environmental constraints. But while there is much talk about sustainable development (which is based on economic, social and environmental factors), the actual commitment of companies is not always as strong as they advertise. If you apply the concept of sustainability, biocomposites will be able to develop only if they are competitive in an economy where social factors are taken into account and where the environment is taken back and protected. Rational use of agro-resources Many people question the rationality of using agro-resources in the materials field. Something to keep in mind here is that the major global issues we face are water, food, energy and materials, in that order, and that agriculture is connected to all four of them. Competition does exist among agricultural crops. Since the emergence of biofuels, we have seen a relationship between the price of energy raw materials and the price of agricultural raw materials. Farmers will base their choice of one crop over another on the potential returns in a global market. One important point is that, unlike biofuels, the materials sector does not require a lot of surface area in agricultural production. According to estimates, agricultural production for materials would require only 1% of all available agricultural land by 2030 [3]. Furthermore, agricultural crops can produce both food and plant constituents that can be used for materials. But arable land worldwide is limited to begin with; populations are increasing; and agricultural land is lost regularly to erosion, desertification, degraded/exhausted soils and urbanization. To take one example, there are about 15 million km² of agricultural land worldwide, or 28 times as much as the entire French territory (= 543,965 km²); and 52 times as much as all French agricultural land (= 295,000 km²). For a long time, environmental changes due to industrial activities was considered to be the price to pay for productivity gains. Today, More information: www.univ-ubs.fr Contact: christophe.baley@univ-ubs.fr References [1] C. Baley. Biocomposites: utopia or reality? JEC Composites No9, May 2004, p. 28-29 [2] C. Baley. High-performance natural fibre? JEC Composites Magazine No37, Dec. 2007, p. 47-49 [2] Ademe. Marché actuels des bioproduits industriels et des biocarburants et évolutions prévisibles à échéance 2015/2030, April 2007 (available from: www.ademe.fr) No46 January-February 2009 / jec composites magazine 33
http://www.univ-ubs.fr
http://www.ademe.fr
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009
Cover
Editorial
CONTENTS
NEWS WORLDWIDE
Companies - Ashland buys SmartTrac technology
- Gurit signs major contract in China
- Vestas inaugurates Asia R&D centre in Singapore
- Advertisers & Index
- NRC Aerospace: a structure at the heart of the Canadian aerospace industry
- Market Place
- Agenda of events
- Equipment - High-temperature composite moulds produced by infusion
- PCM Molds and Patterns Inc
- Innovations - Prepregs for aerospace applications
- Airframe development
BUSINESS
- Market survey - Market developments in woodplasticcomposites
- Niche market: Light aircraft / Full composite body gyroplane
- Trends - Subcontracting: increasing complexity andinterdependence
- Human Capital - Human resources manager
FEATURE - NATURAL FIBRES
- Overview - A review of biocomposite development
- Resources - The availability of vegetable fibre resources
- Recycling - Striking a balance between cost and properties: reuse of paper byproducts
- Additives - Jazz up your WPC: additives improve WPC mechanically and visually
- Prepreg - A novel prepreg material combining natural fibres with a furan resin
- Applications - Applications for plant fibre/ polymer composites in the industrial sector
- Industrial applications for naturalfibre-reinforced composites
USERS’PLATFORM
- Composites in the world - Seamless fluid-like design
- Like a dolphin
- Snow no longer necessary & Eco-friendly toys
- Successful partners - Manufacturing a fuselage via oneshot infusion
- Application - Lightweight bike frame using carbon fibre spread tow
- The largest Brazilian construction project using the “Wall System”
- The invisible house
KNOW-HOW
- Quality control - Advanced ultrasonic NDT techniques for wind turbine blade inspection
- Materials - Thermally-conductive composites
- Bonding - Dismantling plastic tailgates incorporating INDAR technology
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - Editorial
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - CONTENTS
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - Companies - Ashland buys SmartTrac technology
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Gurit signs major contract in China
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Vestas inaugurates Asia R&D centre in Singapore
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Advertisers & Index
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - NRC Aerospace: a structure at the heart of the Canadian aerospace industry
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 12
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Market Place
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 14
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Agenda of events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Equipment - High-temperature composite moulds produced by infusion
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 19
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - PCM Molds and Patterns Inc
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 21
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Innovations - Prepregs for aerospace applications
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Airframe development
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - BUSINESS
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Market survey - Market developments in woodplasticcomposites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Niche market: Light aircraft / Full composite body gyroplane
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Trends - Subcontracting: increasing complexity andinterdependence
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Human Capital - Human resources manager
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - FEATURE - NATURAL FIBRES
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Overview - A review of biocomposite development
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Resources - The availability of vegetable fibre resources
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 36
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Recycling - Striking a balance between cost and properties: reuse of paper byproducts
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 38
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Additives - Jazz up your WPC: additives improve WPC mechanically and visually
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 40
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Prepreg - A novel prepreg material combining natural fibres with a furan resin
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 42
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Applications - Applications for plant fibre/ polymer composites in the industrial sector
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 44
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Industrial applications for naturalfibre-reinforced composites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 48
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - USERS’PLATFORM
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Like a dolphin
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Snow no longer necessary & Eco-friendly toys
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Successful partners - Manufacturing a fuselage via oneshot infusion
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 53
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Application - Lightweight bike frame using carbon fibre spread tow
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - The largest Brazilian construction project using the “Wall System”
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - The invisible house
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - KNOW-HOW
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Quality control - Advanced ultrasonic NDT techniques for wind turbine blade inspection
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 59
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 60
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Materials - Thermally-conductive composites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 62
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 63
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 64
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - - Bonding - Dismantling plastic tailgates incorporating INDAR technology
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 66
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 67
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #46 - January/February 2009 - 68
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