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FEATURE “Process” Sandwich construction and the infusion process The grooves, perforations, and scores of a typical infusion core, designed to enable resin flow, are filled with a media (resin) having remarkably different physical and mechanical characteristics from either the skin or the core. These regions exhibit divergent stress characteristics leading to a knockdown in the specific-density shear properties of the core. The use of a three-dimensional spacer fabric at the skin to core interface to enable infusion flow facilitates the use of a plain core while improving the skin to core bond. Focus PATRICK MACK, CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST, POLYNOVA COMPOSITES espite their many advantages in applications ranging from wind energy to yacht construction to civil engineering and aerospace, fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) laminates are commonly inferior to low-density materials such as wood when considering a part’s ability to resist bending moments. For example, since the stiffness of a panel is dependent not only on the material’s flexural modulus, but also on the thickness of the panel, one approach for stiffening an FRP panel would simply be to make it thicker. However, this approach will yield a further increase in weight and potentially unnecessary strength characteristics, construction difficulties, and prohibitive costs in consideration of the final desired structure. The use of three-dimensional spacer fabrics designed for vacuum infusion as a skin to core interface in sandwich construction provides an opportunity to maximize the skin to core bond. By enabling the use of plain core in the infusion process, such products maintain the physical integrity and maximize the benefits of the selected core. and meet these requirements. For a given application, irrespective of the selected skin and core materials, the integrity of a sandwich construction is especially dependent upon the interfacial bond strength between the skins and the core elements. The use of three-dimensional spacer fabrics designed for vacuum infusion, such as Polynova Composites’ Polybeam® Infusion Flow Reinforcement™ (IFR™), provides an opportunity to maximize the skin-to-core bond while maintaining the physical integrity of the core. IFR™ identifies a class of textiles that both facilitate infusion flow and contribute to the laminate as a constituent material. The Polybeam® family of spacer fabrics applies the wide design latitude of this textile family to solving the needs of the composite marketplace as an IFR™. Three-dimensional spacer fabrics are a class of textiles comprised of two parallel “X/Y” planes of fibre fascia that are separated to a consistent “free-form” thickness by Fig.1: Spacer fabric architecture columns of Zdirectional fibres. Figure 1 schematically illustrates the three-dimensional spacer fabric in a free or relaxed form. As shown in this illustration, a pair of outer fabric layers (1, 2), generally woven or knitted and usually lying in the Sandwich construction for greater stiffness A preferred technique to increase the stiffness of an FRP panel is the use of a sandwich construction. In a laminate, sandwich construction offers the comparable advantages of an I-beam configuration, but instead of the web and flanges of a typical Ibeam, it makes use of a lightweight core material placed between layers of reinforcement, commonly referred to as skins. The role of the skins in the composite structure is to withstand the bending moments on the panel or beam by resisting the compressive and tensile loading set up in the opposite skins when the panel is subjected to bending load forces. In order to resist the bending moments, the skins must be rigidly held in a predetermined position relative to the neutral axis of the sandwich (the centreline) and be prevented from moving relative to each other. It is the task of the selected core material and of the strength of the bond line between the skins and the core to provide JEC Composites Magazine / No39 March - April 2008
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008
Cover
NEWS WORLDWIDE - Companies
- Epsilon Composite
- Agenda of events
- Equipment : Laser placement
- Ply placement by live video image
BUSINESS - Market survey
- Formosa Plastics Corp.
- Topkey at a crossroads
- Trends : robotics
- Niche market : Patient positioning
FEATURE : ENVIRONMENT
- Management
- Biopolymers
- Natural fibre
PROCESS - Software
- Infusion
- Simulation
SPECIAL JEC COMPOSITES 2008 - JEC End-users Forums
- JEC innovation award programme
- Innovations
USER'S PLATFORM - Composites in the world
- Better acoustics for a concert hall
- Leather and fibres - No more excuses
- Applications
- Aircraft interior : more than just a seat
KNOW HOW - Composite tooloing
- Process
- Liquid composite moulding
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - Cover
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - NEWS WORLDWIDE - Companies
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 10
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Epsilon Composite
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Agenda of events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Equipment : Laser placement
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Ply placement by live video image
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 19
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - BUSINESS - Market survey
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 25
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Formosa Plastics Corp.
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 27
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Topkey at a crossroads
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Trends : robotics
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Niche market : Patient positioning
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Management
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Biopolymers
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Natural fibre
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 48
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - PROCESS - Software
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 51
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 53
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Infusion
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 56
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Simulation
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 58
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 59
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - SPECIAL JEC COMPOSITES 2008 - JEC End-users Forums
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 61
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 62
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - JEC innovation award programme
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Innovations
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Better acoustics for a concert hall
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Leather and fibres - No more excuses
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Applications
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 103
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Aircraft interior : more than just a seat
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 105
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 106
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 107
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - KNOW HOW - Composite tooloing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 109
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Process
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 111
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 112
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Liquid composite moulding
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