JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 36

FEATURE “Environment” Sustainable composites through by-product synergy By-product synergy (BPS) is a practical application of industrial ecology in which companies work together in a given region to match feedstock or raw material needs to devalued byproducts. Through the BPS process, individual companies are transformed into a partnership or cross-industry team focused on directing every kilogramme of material running through their plants into a value-added product stream. The synergy of a pair (or a group) of diverse manufacturing, agriculture, or community partners can result in the profitable and sustainable conversion of by-products and wastes into resources or products. MICHAEL GROMACKI, VICE PRESIDENT , ENGINEERING AND LOSS CONTROL COOK COMPOSITES & POLYMERS – CRAY VALLEY Waste Equals Food: applications for composites and cast polymers The concept of BPS is not new to the plastic and cast polymer industry. In fact, BPS is at the foundation of our industry. The first commercial synthetic plastic, bakelite, involved compounding phenolic resin with a filler of by-product wood flour. Synthetic marble and resilient floor tile manufacturers have commonly used fillers derived from by-products of non-metallic mining or stone cutting. More recently, coal combustion by-products such as alumina-silicate glass (ASG) have been utilized in cast polymer applications for architectural products used for ornamental and paving purposes. ASG has successfully been used in the carpet industry to offset the use of virgin calcium carbonate. Figures 2 and 3 present an example of recycled bottle glass successfully used as a filler and decorative accent in resilient composite floor tiles. This flooring application was specifically developed and marketed to support architects and owners in Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) credits within the U.S. Green Building Council rating system. With the increasing cost of Fig.2: Product design and marketing tailored to green buildings and LEED raw materials and restrictions on land disposal or incineration, BPS offers margin improvement opportunities to the composite and cast polymer industries on the up-stream and downstream supply chain. The incorporation of postindustrial or post-consumer derived materials in product design enhances sustainable marketing aspects for recycled content and reduced life cycle carbon footprints, thus possibly opening new markets such as green buildings, sustainable infrastructures and transportation. y shifting strategy from a pursuit of “less waste” to a strategy of “100% product”, companies can pursue a path of “ecoeffectiveness” as described by the authors William McDonough and Michael Braungart in the 2002 book Cradle to Cradle. McDonough and Braungart elaborate further on this concept based on the industrial ecology principle that “Waste Equals Food”. If generating products and food, rather than products and waste, is the ultimate natural consequence of industrial output, an increase in output can support or offset resource needs of another, thereby reducing the depletion of natural resources. In Figure 1, the BPS material flow is presented in the context of industrial ecology and differentiated from closedloop recycling and postconsumer recycling. The Fig. 1: BPS material flow in an industrial ecology concept encouraging aspect of this sustainability philosophy is that with an eco-effective industrial model, growth is good for the environment. Traditional philosophy regarding human impact and environmental protection focused on controlling or restraining industrial growth, since growth was perceived as the problem. BPS matches under-valued waste or by-product streams with potential users, creating economic benefit through new revenues or savings while also producing societal and environmental benefits, as measured through the triple bottom line. JEC Composites Magazine / No39 March - April 2008

JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008

Cover
NEWS WORLDWIDE - Companies
- Epsilon Composite
- Agenda of events
- Equipment : Laser placement
- Ply placement by live video image
BUSINESS - Market survey
- Formosa Plastics Corp.
- Topkey at a crossroads
- Trends : robotics
- Niche market : Patient positioning
FEATURE : ENVIRONMENT
- Management
- Biopolymers
- Natural fibre
PROCESS - Software
- Infusion
- Simulation
SPECIAL JEC COMPOSITES 2008 - JEC End-users Forums
- JEC innovation award programme
- Innovations
USER'S PLATFORM - Composites in the world
- Better acoustics for a concert hall
- Leather and fibres - No more excuses
- Applications
- Aircraft interior : more than just a seat
KNOW HOW - Composite tooloing
- Process
- Liquid composite moulding
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 3
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - NEWS WORLDWIDE - Companies
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 10
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Epsilon Composite
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Agenda of events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Equipment : Laser placement
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Ply placement by live video image
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 19
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - BUSINESS - Market survey
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 23
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 25
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Formosa Plastics Corp.
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 27
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Topkey at a crossroads
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Trends : robotics
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Niche market : Patient positioning
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Management
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Biopolymers
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 39
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Natural fibre
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 48
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - PROCESS - Software
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 51
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 53
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Infusion
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 56
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Simulation
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 58
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 59
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - SPECIAL JEC COMPOSITES 2008 - JEC End-users Forums
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 61
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 62
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - JEC innovation award programme
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 64
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 65
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Innovations
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 76
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Better acoustics for a concert hall
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Leather and fibres - No more excuses
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Applications
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 103
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Aircraft interior : more than just a seat
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 105
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 106
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 107
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - KNOW HOW - Composite tooloing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 109
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Process
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 111
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 112
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - - Liquid composite moulding
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 114
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #39 - March/April 2008 - 116
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