JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 36
FEATURE “Wind Energy” An experimental study of rotorshapes: for small horizontal-axis wind turbines Wind energy, a renewable, non-polluting energy source, has received a lot of public attention due to the aggravation of environmental problems and to depleted fossil energy resources. Large grid-connected wind turbines operated in wind farms are now being used for power generation in many advanced nations, although small wind turbines have long been used as an independent source of power in places all over the world. Experimental models The experimental models were designed according to the combined blade element and momentum theory. Table 1 shows the expressions used for model design. Rotor diameter is 0.6 m and the blade aerofoils are all Clark Y. For each tapered and inversely tapered type, we prepared five different blade shapes. For three typical blade shapes out of the five of both types, blade numbers vary from 2 to 6 as shown in Table 2, which shows the design values of each model corresponding to Figures 1 to 5. Table 1: The expression used for the model design. 1- YOSHIFUMI NISHIZAWA, ASSISTANT OF COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH CENTER, ASHIKAGA INST. OF TECH. 2- IZUMI USHIYAMA, PRESIDENT OF ASHIKAGA INST. OF TECH. 3- MASAHIKO SUZUKI, CHAIRMAN OF GLOBAL ENERGY CO. LTD 4- HIDETO TANIGUCHI, ENGINEER OF GLOBAL ENERGY CO. LTD or some time now, small wind turbines under two metres in diameter have been used to provide electricity for street and park lights, environmental monuments, emergency power units, and teaching equipment. Such small wind turbines are usually installed in urban areas, and as the number of installations grows, things like rotor noise and failures due to sudden changes in wind direction or speed become increasingly noticeable. Local tip speed ratio Inflow angle Blade pitch angle Blade chord C= λrd = λd r R θ = tan-1 β = θ −α 8πr (1 - cosφ) BC B: Number of blades C: Chord length [m] R: Rotor radius [m] r: Local rotor radius [m] λrd: Local design tipp speed ratio λd: Design tip speed ratio θ: Inflow angle α: Design angle of attack β: Blade pitch angle Small-turbine rotors with a low design tip-speed ratio are being used more and more due to their reduced noise level, and so generators and controllers suitable for low rotational speeds are also developing fast. However, although many papers have been published on small wind turbine rotors with high tip-speed ratios adjusted for conventional generators, very few deal with rotor shapes for low tip-speed ratios. In the present study, two types of experimental models are produced to compare their performance at low tip speed. The first one has a rotor with tapered blades designed according to the combined blade element and momentum theory. The second one has a rotor with inversely tapered blades in which the calculated chord lengths are applied in an opposite way. In the table, blade nominal designations are defined by the authors as follows to distinguish the taper types and blade shapes: “2” in the last digit stands for the normally tapered blade and “4”, the inversely tapered one; “2” to “4” in the first digit stand for the different tip-speed ratios in a five-bladed rotor, where the bigger the number, the smaller the chord length. The blades with “5” in the first digit are used in a three-bladed rotor and “6”, in a five-bladed one. The 5xx and 6xx blades are designed to have the same tip speed ratio, λ=3.4. Experiments An Eiffel-type wind tunnel with a 1.05 m x 1.05 m exit was jec composites magazine / No54 January 2010
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010
Cover
Editorial
Contents
NEWS WORLDWIDE
Companies
- Focus Aeronautics
- Jushi lets its ambitious plans out of the bag
- Dedienne Multiplasturgy Group marches on
Agenda of events
Equipment : Software
- SigmaNEST saves £70,000 in composites manufacturing
BUSINESS
Market survey
- A market with a rosy future
Niche market
- High-tech first at NASA: a crew module structure made of composite materials
Human capital
- The graduate with a degree in composite materials
FEATURE - WIND ENERGY
China
- China: No slown in global wind developments as country continues expansion
Fibre
- High-performance E6 glass fibre: Meeting the needs of the wind energy industry
Foam
- Infusion moulding structural panels
- New PET foams for wind turbine construction
Epoxy
- Blade length: Top-end limits are set by the materials
Manufacturer
- SHFRP: still limited as a player
Equipment
- Epoxy-resin infusion systems for wind-blade manufacturing
- Workflow optimization for rotor blades manufacturing
- New robotic wind-blade finishing system reduces work time by 90%
Small wind turbines
- An experimental study of rotor shapes: for small horizontal-axis wind-turbines
Maintenance
- Predictive maintenance in the wind energy industry
USERS’ PLATFORM
Composites in the world
- The world’s most environmentally friendly aircraft
- Bicycling enthusiasts can adjust bike parts themselves
- Champagne!!!
Successful partners
- High-pressure hydrogen storage tanks made by RTM
Application
- Lightweight, ultra-durable air cargo containers
- Solar Plane takes of
- First solar-powered speedboat
KNOW-HOW
Laser projection
- Recent innovations in laser templating
Nanochemicals
- LEO semi-solid resin film
Mould
- DEMOCRAT, an electrostatic process
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - Editorial
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - Contents
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 6
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - Focus Aeronautics
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 8
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - Jushi lets its ambitious plans out of the bag
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 10
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - Dedienne Multiplasturgy Group marches on
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 12
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - Agenda of events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - SigmaNEST saves £70,000 in composites manufacturing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - A market with a rosy future
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - High-tech first at NASA: a crew module structure made of composite materials
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - The graduate with a degree in composite materials
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 21
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - China: No slown in global wind developments as country continues expansion
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - High-performance E6 glass fibre: Meeting the needs of the wind energy industry
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 25
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - Infusion moulding structural panels
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - New PET foams for wind turbine construction
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - Blade length: Top-end limits are set by the materials
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 29
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - SHFRP: still limited as a player
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - Epoxy-resin infusion systems for wind-blade manufacturing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - Workflow optimization for rotor blades manufacturing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - New robotic wind-blade finishing system reduces work time by 90%
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - An experimental study of rotor shapes: for small horizontal-axis wind-turbines
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 38
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - Predictive maintenance in the wind energy industry
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 41
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - Champagne!!!
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - High-pressure hydrogen storage tanks made by RTM
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - Lightweight, ultra-durable air cargo containers
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - Solar Plane takes of
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - First solar-powered speedboat
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - Recent innovations in laser templating
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 50
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 51
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - LEO semi-solid resin film
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 54
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - - DEMOCRAT, an electrostatic process
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 57
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 58
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 59
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #54 - January 2010 - 60
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