JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 44

FEATURE AEROSPACE research

Fig. 7: Chip formation analysis (left) during CFRP/Ti multi-material drilling (simulation on the right)

Structures and
modelling strategies
Short fibre injection
The ICA has been working on the development and validation of solutions
for injected polymer materials, with
their properties induced by the injection
process. A behaviour law with damage
(CDM) was proposed, which takes the
microstructural parameters related to
the process into account and is "implementable" in an industrial finite element
code.
Its applications are dedicated to the dimensioning of composite parts injected
with PEEK thermoplastic matrices reinforced with short carbon fibres, e.g., the
calculation of a helicopter door hinge.
The ICA has also been working on the
injection of PEEK resin reinforced
with carbon fibres as part of industrial
projects and/or PhD theses. Some outcomes of these projects are already in
use.
As an extension of these studies, work
is underway on the recycling of carbon
fibres to re-use them in various forms
(mats, short fibre granules) in thermoplastic matrices.
This work contributes to the creation of
an industrial recycling sector in the Occitanie Region.
Modelling strategies
For the past twenty years, the research of
ICA professors has specifically focused on
the development of strategies to model the
damage and fracture scenarios of composite structures. Three main strategies were
developed [3].
The first one is the Diffuse Damage Model
(DDM), which combines the continuum
damage mechanics laws for mechanical

44

damage with cohesive zones. Due to the
general nature of implementable laws, the
DDM can be applied to many standard
materials and problems, such as impact for
example. It was recently used to size CFRP
or SiC-SiC junctions. It is also interesting
for bearing issues.
The second strategy is the Discrete Ply
Model (DPM), which is based on a mesh
that follows the orientations of the unidirectional plies, on cohesive zones, on a
fragile rupture in matrix cracking driven
by the adjacent volume elements and on
a fibre break taking strain energy release
rates into account. It has the advantage of
being based on only 13 mechanical parameters, which can be obtained easily. It was
successfully applied first to out-of-plane
problems such as low-velocity/low-energy impact, edge impact, compression after
impact or pull-through. Initially developed
for out-of-plane problems, the discrete
character of the model proved relevant to
model splitting, thus making it possible
to deal with problems such as hole failure,
scale effects and large cuts under complex
stress.
The third strategy is based on semi-continuous modelling used for frontal or razing
impact problems on helicopter blades.
Bars are used to model the fibres and volumes (for solid glass/epoxy UD) or plates
(for woven plies) to model the resin. Specific elements are developed (i) to find
the static characteristics and (ii) to model
the damage observed at the strand scale.
Specific cohesive elements were recently
developed, together with approaches to
recover the bending stiffness of a fabric
considering the actual weaving geometry.
These models have reached a high level of
confidence and are now validated for certification purposes.

jec composites magazine / N°122 July 2018

Fig. 8: Simulation of short fibre injection in a
complex part (aircraft fitting)

In general, these modelling strategies and
other, more specific ones were developed
and used to respond to many application
problems covering the whole field of composite structures:
- Impact and residual behaviour after
impact, damage tolerance, large cuts,
shields;
- Crash modelling, energy absorption
mechanisms;
- Fatigue;
- Sandwich structures: nonlinear analysis, impact, inserts, modelling of foam
or honeycomb cores;
- Junctions, Z-pinning, stitching;
- Structural details: unfolding, stiffener
debonding, post-buckling;
- Repairs;
- Optimization of composite structures.
Wood-based eco-structures
An emerging topic in the group is the
study of new wood-based structures.
Sandwich structures using birch/poplar/
okoumé plywood cores and aluminium,
fibreglass, flax or carbon skins were manufactured and studied experimentally and
numerically under static loading, impact
and compression after impact. These structures showed very interesting specific and
economic characteristics and studies will
now focus on assembly and crash issues.
Experimental methods and means
Complex loading
The Institute uses a modular multiaxial



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018

Cover
Edito
Opinion: Bringing expertise on board
Contents
NEWS
In brief
Announcement at OC
Agenda
BUSINESS
Trends - Overview of the global carbon composites market Simulation
Market - Attractive growth opportunities for composites in the transportation market
MANUFACTURING
Fibre placement - Fibre placement on-line monitoring and solutions for quality optimisation
Fibre placement - Repurposing residual AFP tape for complex aerospace parts
Monitoring - Overcoming the complexities of RTM
Joining process - Filament winding for automated joining of lightweight profiles
Aerospace - Are thermoplastics essential to the future of composites in aeronautics?
Thermoplastic - Full out-of-autoclave thermoplastic welded airframe
Thermoplastic - Thermoplastic composites are vital to drive aerospace build rates
UAV - The Dash X unmanned aerial vehicle
Nano-satellite - Successful mission of TuPOD, a TubeSats deployer manufactured via additive manufacturing
Manufacturing - Orbital ATK and Lockheed Martin celebrate F-35 programme milestone
Light aviation - A “one shot” aircraft to revolutionize the light aviation sector
Research - An aeronautics and space-oriented research group
SOLUTIONS
Sustainability - Agricultural waste for thermal and acoustic insulation in construction
Recycling - Natural fibres and recycled rubber: new alternative solutions for composite panels
Artistic vases - Art FRP, an innovation based on the Japanese traditional sense of beauty
In the world
TECHNOLOGY
Nanotubes - Conductive glass fibre products using single-wall carbon nanotubes
Simulation - Optimizing the key manufacturing parameters of the AFP process
Index
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 68
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Edito
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Opinion: Bringing expertise on board
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Contents
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - In brief
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Announcement at OC
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 12
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Agenda
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Trends - Overview of the global carbon composites market Simulation
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Market - Attractive growth opportunities for composites in the transportation market
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Fibre placement - Fibre placement on-line monitoring and solutions for quality optimisation
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 19
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 20
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Fibre placement - Repurposing residual AFP tape for complex aerospace parts
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 22
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Monitoring - Overcoming the complexities of RTM
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 24
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Joining process - Filament winding for automated joining of lightweight profiles
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 26
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Thermoplastic - Full out-of-autoclave thermoplastic welded airframe
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 28
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 29
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Thermoplastic - Thermoplastic composites are vital to drive aerospace build rates
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 31
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - UAV - The Dash X unmanned aerial vehicle
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Nano-satellite - Successful mission of TuPOD, a TubeSats deployer manufactured via additive manufacturing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 36
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Manufacturing - Orbital ATK and Lockheed Martin celebrate F-35 programme milestone
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Light aviation - A “one shot” aircraft to revolutionize the light aviation sector
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 40
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Research - An aeronautics and space-oriented research group
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 42
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 43
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 44
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 46
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Sustainability - Agricultural waste for thermal and acoustic insulation in construction
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 50
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 51
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Recycling - Natural fibres and recycled rubber: new alternative solutions for composite panels
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 54
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Artistic vases - Art FRP, an innovation based on the Japanese traditional sense of beauty
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 57
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 58
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Nanotubes - Conductive glass fibre products using single-wall carbon nanotubes
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 61
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 62
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Simulation - Optimizing the key manufacturing parameters of the AFP process
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 64
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 65
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - Advertisers
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #122 - July 2018 - 67
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