JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 60

TECHNOLOGY simulation
aircraft. The joined-up approach of the workshop was hugely successful and the outcomes were many and varied. They included
the identification of three generic opportunities where progress
in NDT of composites could provide signif

Fig. 2: Out-of-plane angular analysis of a 100 mm long section of a tapered
carbon-fibre composite laminate - the same specimen and scan data as in Figure
1. The colour represents the ply angle and the brightness is the superimposed
instantaneous phase from which the ply angles were calculated [3]

a)

b)

c)

d)

Fig. 3: Vector field data for the unit vector field parallel to the fibres with fibre-tow
'tubes' illustrating the wrinkling and in-plane waviness in each ply of a specimen
with layup: [45, 0, -45, 90, -45, 0, 45]3, showing (a) 90°, (b) 0°, (c) 45° and (d) -45°
plies. Note the aspect ratio used exaggerates out-of-plane distances with 10x
magnification (image from reference [3],
© BINDT, 2015, published with permission)

The environmental challenge facing both aerospace and automotive manufacturers requires significant reductions in CO2 emissions and a large proportion of this has to be achieved through
lighter composite structural designs. The incremental changes
of the last decade have not reduced weight fast enough to meet
future international environmental targets; a step change is required to empower designers to exploit the full potential of
carbon-fibre composite structures. This must be underpinned
by increased confidence in conformance to design, provided by
emerging non-destructive characterisation (NDC) technologies.
Most aerospace designs have to be high-performance while automotive components need to be affordable and quick to manufacture, so the NDC requirements are different. The benefit could
result in improved process control, leading to the 'right first time,
every time' manufacturing goal, and to a better-informed concession process for deviations from the design.
In the UK, the non-destructive testing (NDT) community is
responding to this need with initiatives spanning academic research through to full-scale demonstration programmes. The UK
Composites Leadership Forum (CLF) is working with the Composites Group of the British Institute of NDT (BINDT) to determine detailed NDT requirements and track the development
of NDT solutions. In February 2016, BINDT held a Workshop
on NDT and SHM Requirements for Aerospace Composites at
the National Composites Centre (NCC) in Bristol with the aim
to establish the requirements for NDT to facilitate game-changing solutions for new, more efficient composite designs and new
design and manufacturing processes for both civil and military
aircraft. The joined-up approach of the workshop was hugely successful and the outcomes were many and varied. They included
the identification of three generic opportunities where progress
in NDT of composites could provide significant benefits for aerospace composites: the design stage; during process verification;
and by introducing better-informed concession decisions [1]. A
similar workshop on NDT requirements for automotive composites is scheduled for February 2017.

a)

b)

c)
Fig. 4: FE model generated for specimen from Figure 3 with a tensile strain applied in the x direction. Colour shows U3 displacement in the laminate thickness
direction. Red colours represent a positive displacement and blue represents a
negative displacement

60

Fig. 5: Damage distribution of a 12º coupon: (a) photograph of initial coupon
failure [5], (b) delamination prediction (colours), (c) matrix-cracking and fibrekinking failure prediction (colours)

jec composites magazine / No109 November-December 2016



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016

Cover
Edito
Opinion: Public transportation
Contents
NEWS
In brief
Development
Graphene
Agenda
Cyclitech, the international conference on bicycle technology
BUSINESS
Prospective
Latin America
Biocomposites
MANUFACTURING
Overmoulding
RTM
Viscous resin
Feature Automation - The key to success?
Conferences
Awards
Floorplan
Preforming technology
Robotization
Carbon fibre
Cutting
SOLUTIONS
UAV
Sailing
Fire rescue
Public transportation
Autonomous vehicle
In the world
TECHNOLOGY
NDT
Certification
Index
Advertisers
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - BckCovAd
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Edito
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Opinion: Public transportation
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Contents
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - In brief
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Development
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Graphene
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Agenda
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Cyclitech, the international conference on bicycle technology
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Prospective
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 18
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Latin America
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Biocomposites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 21
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Overmoulding
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 24
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 25
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - RTM
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 28
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Viscous resin
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 30
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 31
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Feature Automation - The key to success?
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Conferences
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 34
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Awards
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 36
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 38
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 40
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Floorplan
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 42
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Preforming technology
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 44
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Robotization
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Carbon fibre
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Cutting
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 50
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - UAV
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Sailing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Fire rescue
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Public transportation
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Autonomous vehicle
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 58
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - NDT
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 60
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 61
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Certification
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 63
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 64
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 65
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - Advertisers
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #109 - November/December 2016 - 67
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