JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 90

CFRP

Fig. 4: AFP for aerospace (Coriolis)

The advanced fibre-matrix interaction
can also be seen in the mechanical
properties of unidirectional laminates
(see Figure 3, right). In a 90° bending
test, a bending strength of more than
100 MPa can be achieved by the CFRP
with a thermoplastic-compatible carbon
fibre reinforcement. Compared to the
CFRP with standard carbon fibres, this
is a performance increase of more than
100%.

Processes

Fig. 5: HP-RTM e.g. Krauss-Maffei

mers. Within the thermoplastic material
class, SGL Group has matrix materials
such as Nylon 6 (polyamide 6) for
moderate temperature applications in
sight. For higher temperatures, matrices
such as PPS or PES are the materials
of choice. In March 2014, SGL Group
introduced a thermoplastic-compatible
carbon fibre to the composite market.
The sizing of this fibre is designed for
Nylon 6 matrix applications, but it also
showed very high performance in other
matrices such as PPA.
Figure 3, left, shows a standard SGL
carbon fibre with an epoxy-compatible
standard sizing compared to the new
thermoplastic-compatible TPC sizing.
Both yarns are embedded into a Nylon
6 matrix.
The image on the top (standard sizing)
shows that there is poor adhesion of
the fibres to the matrix. In contrast,
the carbon fibres with a thermoplasticcompatible sizing show a very good
fibre-matrix interaction. After breakage
of the test specimen, the adherence of
the matrix material to the fibres can be
seen (see bottom left image).

Today's state-of-the art process for aerospace is prepreg laying with different
automation and complexity levels ranging from hand lay-up over automated
fibre placement (AFP) to automated
tape laying (ATL) technologies with
subsequent autoclave curing. The most
advanced one is probably the AFP process used for the new Airbus A350XWB.
Textile preforming in combination
with out-of-autoclave liquid composite
moulding (LCM) is still under-represented, even though significant development efforts are being made in this
direction for next-generation airframe
structures.
For automotive, there will be different process technology families in the
future: advanced RTM technologies,
thermoplastic technologies and the
combination of pre-impregnated mate-

rials with textile preforming processes.
The RTM technology will benefit from
the development of ultra-fast resin
systems, new preforming technologies
based on, for example, robot-assisted
roving-to-preform processes, or braiding with heavy tows and in-situ process
monitoring systems allowing more
efficient processes. A two-minute cycle
time is realistic in the next few years.
Thermoplastic technologies will benefit
from the development of low-cost
UD tapes and automated placement
technologies combining conventional
polymer blanks with local reinforcements to tailored blanks. These can
be consolidated and post-formed in a
combined step with injection moulding
technologies to form complex shaped
parts. The possibility of welding is
another big advantage of the thermoplastic technology.
Another process technology family will
be the combination of pre-impregnated
materials like towpregs or thermoplastic UD tapes with textile preforming
process chains. For example, the braiding
technology is currently used in the composites industry with dry yarn systems,
see Figure 6. Thus, liquid resin infusion
(LRI) methods must be used in a second,
separate manufacturing step to infiltrate
the textile preform with the polymer. This
adds process steps within the manufac-

Fig. 6: Left: Industrial braider with six-axis robot; right: Horngear and carrier with dry yarns

90 jec composites magazine / No95 March 2015



JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015

Cover
Edito
Point of view: Raw materials - Quality, innovation, reliability and safety are exactly what we deliver
Contents
Companies & Business
Carbon fibre - “I am confident in the future of Zhongfu Shenying”
Automotive - “Composites are going to be more important again with the batteries...”
Agenda of Events
Applications
Thermoplastics - Evaluating the viability of thermoplastic composite pressure vessel
Motorcycle - Epoxy adhesive for a Harley-Davidson motorbike
Thermoplastics - New GRP enclosure for extreme environments
Market
Europe - The European upturn continues
Reinforcement - Glass fabrics demand will grow
Natural fibre - Securing the supply of technical flax for the composite industry
SPECIAL JEC EUROPE 2015
12th International JEC Conferences: Knowledge and networking
The know-how to develop tomorrow’s lightweight production technology
JEC Innovation Awards Program 2015
Innovations report 2015: France, country guest of honor
Design
Automation
Insert
CNC router
Tooling
Design and testing
Research & Development
Short natural fibres - Study on short natural fibres for composites
Biocomposites - Adhesion between flax fibre and a biobased thermoset matrix
Technology & Innovations
Lightweighting - Meeting the challenges for lighter cars with innovative products
CFRP - Carbon composites: Material systems with improved mechanical behaviour for various industries
Epoxy - DFCM: a new step forward in composite mass production
Graphene - Graphene-based high-performance composites via plasma functionalisation
Thermoset - Reformable epoxy adhesive film
Sizing - «We are constantly developing new products»
Index
In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Edito
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Point of view: Raw materials - Quality, innovation, reliability and safety are exactly what we deliver
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Contents
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 8
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Carbon fibre - “I am confident in the future of Zhongfu Shenying”
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 10
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 12
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Automotive - “Composites are going to be more important again with the batteries...”
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 14
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Agenda of Events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 18
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Thermoplastics - Evaluating the viability of thermoplastic composite pressure vessel
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 20
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 21
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Motorcycle - Epoxy adhesive for a Harley-Davidson motorbike
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 24
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Thermoplastics - New GRP enclosure for extreme environments
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 26
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Europe - The European upturn continues
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 28
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 29
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Reinforcement - Glass fabrics demand will grow
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 31
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Natural fibre - Securing the supply of technical flax for the composite industry
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - SPECIAL JEC EUROPE 2015
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 12th International JEC Conferences: Knowledge and networking
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 36
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - The know-how to develop tomorrow’s lightweight production technology
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 40
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 41
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - JEC Innovation Awards Program 2015
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 43
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 44
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 46
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 48
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 50
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 51
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Innovations report 2015: France, country guest of honor
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 54
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 56
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 57
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 58
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 59
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Design
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 61
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Automation
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 63
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Insert
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 65
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - CNC router
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 67
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Tooling
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 69
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 70
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Design and testing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 72
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 73
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 74
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 75
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 76
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 77
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Short natural fibres - Study on short natural fibres for composites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 79
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 80
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 81
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Biocomposites - Adhesion between flax fibre and a biobased thermoset matrix
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 83
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 84
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Lightweighting - Meeting the challenges for lighter cars with innovative products
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 86
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 87
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - CFRP - Carbon composites: Material systems with improved mechanical behaviour for various industries
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 89
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 90
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 91
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Epoxy - DFCM: a new step forward in composite mass production
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 93
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 94
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Graphene - Graphene-based high-performance composites via plasma functionalisation
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 96
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 97
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Thermoset - Reformable epoxy adhesive film
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 99
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 100
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 101
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Sizing - «We are constantly developing new products»
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 103
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 104
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 105
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - Index
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #95 - Special JEC Europe - March 2015 - 108
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