JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 31

nano

Nano-architectures in aerospace composites

By

The aircraft industry is in need of lighter, stronger and safer materials. Carbon nanotubes, when placed strategically in composite materials, add a 3D reinforcement without reducing the in-plane properties of the materials. Such nano-engineered composite designs will produce tougher structures with only minimal added weight. In addition, these nano-architectures add new capabilities to the composites, turning them into truly multi-functional nano-engineered materials.

Roberto Guzman de Villoria, Ph.D., Group Leader, Nano-Architectures and Materials Design, IMDEA Materials institute

S

ince the Wright Brothers flew a plane for the first time in 1903, one of the main concerns of the aviation industry has been how light an aircraft can be made. The lighter a plane is, the less fuel will be consumed and the easier it will be to lift. This is why composite materials, stronger per unit of weight than steel or aluminium, are becoming more popular in the aircraft industry. Nanotechnology is likely to help to solve a number of issues related to composite materials [1]. Composites are made of plies, or layers, of carbon fibres which are held together by a polymer. This polymer can crack easily, which results in the delamination of plies and failure of the structure if it is not detected on time. In order to render these materials more resistant, micrometre-diameter stitches or fibre weaves can be used to join the plies together [2]. This technique improves the resistance to delamination but modifies the optimized morphology of the lamina, thus reducing its mechanical properties. One way to

avoid this drawback is to strategically place vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs), one of the strongest existing materials, in the composite. Due to its small size, this nano-reinforcement does not affect the morphology of the lamina and contributes to improve the strength between the composite plies.

Mechanical properties of nanoengineered architectures
Two nano-architectures have been

developed and extensively characterized for aviation applications: nano-stitched composites, where VACNTs are incorporated into the interlaminar region of carbon fibre plies, and fuzzy fibre reinforced plastics, where aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are placed around every single filament of the laminate [3], thus reinforcing both the interlaminar and the intralaminar regions (Figure 1) [4], [5]. Adding only approximately 1% volume fraction of aligned CNTs increases the

Fig. 1: Schematics of the two most popular nano-architectures used in advanced composites: “nano-stitching” and “fuzzy fibre reinforced plastic” (fuzzy fibre) Courtesy of MIT’s NECST Consortium

No72 April - May 2012 /

jec composites magazine 31



JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012

Cover
Edito
Point of view: Toray believes in Europe
Contents
Agenda of Events
COMPANY & BUSINESS
- In Brief
- Wind energy
APPLICATIONS
- Medical
MARKET
- Carbon survey
- Human ressources
FEATURE AEROSPACE
- Advancement
- Nano
- Thermoplastics
- Autoclave
- Fibre placement
- Lamination
- CNC
- Holding
- Manufacturing
- Sustainability
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
- SMPs
- Damage
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONS
- Coating
- Filament winding
- Natural fibre
Special JEC Asia
- JEC Asia 2012, the place to be
- Aerospace
- Carbon
- Indonesia
Index
In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - Edito
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - Point of view: Toray believes in Europe
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - Contents
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 8
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - Agenda of Events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - In Brief
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Wind energy
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Medical
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 16
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 18
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 19
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 20
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Carbon survey
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 22
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 24
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Human ressources
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 26
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Advancement
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 29
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 30
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Nano
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 32
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Thermoplastics
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 36
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Autoclave
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 40
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Fibre placement
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 42
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 43
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Lamination
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 46
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - CNC
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Holding
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Manufacturing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 50
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 51
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Sustainability
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 53
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 54
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - SMPs
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 57
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 58
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Damage
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 60
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 61
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Coating
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 63
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 64
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Filament winding
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Natural fibre
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 67
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - Index
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - JEC Asia 2012, the place to be
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 71
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Aerospace
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 73
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 74
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 75
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Carbon
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 77
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 78
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - - Indonesia
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 80
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 81
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 82
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 83
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #72 - April/May 2012 - 84
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