JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 112

automotive

cellulose and wheat straw have been investigated in injection moulding grade materials, primarily in polyolefin resins. The following is a case study for wheat straw-reinforced polypropylene (WSPP). Wheat straw fibre, a co-product of the wheat harvest, is a bast fibre that can be grown in many parts of the globe Fig. 4: Timeline for the development of wheat straw-reinforced composite. Project initiation to vehicle implementation was and has very little approximately 20 months use outside of animal bedding. The objective development of WSPP from concepprocessability, and inhibit oxidation in the development of this technology tion to commercialization. The timeline and degradation. The initial target was was to replace glass fibre or mineral for this case study comprised only 20 to match the mechanical performance reinforcements in injection moulding months, which is highly compressed of talc-reinforced polypropylene grade compounds to achieve the same versus the typical case for the autohomopolymer. Table 1 shows physical performance and durability while redumotive industry. This was due to the properties of 20% and 40% loadings cing CO2 emissions and density. inclusion of all key stakeholders from of wheat straw-reinforced PP compaThe development team included parthe project start. red to talc-reinforced PP at the same tners and stakeholders from throughout Wheat straw fibre was cleaned and weight percentage loadings. Due to the the supply chain to the end user. These milled to a uniform length and aspect decreased density of wheat straw versus included: research institution, raw ratio prior to melt compounding with talc, a significant decrease in composite material supplier (farm), natural fibre polypropylene (PP). Although the fibre density was achieved. Although a slight processor, compounder/Tier 3 material itself was not treated, compatibilizers decrease in tensile strength and flexural supplier, moulder/Tier 1 supplier and and other additives were used in the modulus was observed, notched Izod end user/automotive OEM. composite formulation to enhance the impact and heat distortion tempeFigure 4 shows the timeline for the fibre-matrix interface, improve flow and rature (HDT) were improved. This initial screening of properties allowed Tab. 1: Physical property comparison of wheat straw reinforcement versus talc reinforcement in polyprofor an assessment of feasibility and pylene the selection of automotive material 20% 20% 40% 40% specification. Physical talc wheat straw talc wheat straw Figures 5 and 6 show radar plots of property WSPP formulations compared to 3 existing Ford material specifications. 1.01 0.96 1.16 1.030 Desnity (g/cm ) In Figure 5, a 20% WSPP formulation is compared with a heat-stabilized, Tensile Str 25.5 23.2 26.4 25.7 20% mineral-reinforced PP homo@ yield (MPa) polymer with 25% recycled content. Flexural modulus The plots are normalized to show the 2107 1962 3265 2979 (MPa) specification requirement at 100%. The figure shows that a direct replaceNotched Izod 4.2 4.6 2.7 3.8 ment of mineral with WS yields similar @ 23°C (kJ/m2) properties, only falling short for tensile strength. Note that the differences in HDT @ 0.45 MPa 100.6 114 115.7 138.1 melt flow rate and shrink rate can be (°C) taken into account during processing Mold shrink, and tool making. Small optimizations 0.94 0.75 0.76 0.52 48 hrs @ 23°C(%) were made to increase the tensile

112 jec composites magazine / No71 March 2012



JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012

Cover
Edito
Point of view: FRP Composites is a key growth industry for the UK
Contents
Agenda of Events
Index
COMPANY & BUSINESS
- In Brief
- Japan > Banpo, serious advantages for the future
- Aerospace > Paul G. Allen wants to revolutionize space travel
APPLICATIONS
- Emergency > Composites to the aid of populations
- Civil engineering > The largest Indian GRP infrastructure projetc
- Sports and leisure > First small watercraft that is compostable at end of life
MARKET
- Human ressources > Quality engineer: ensuring compliance with customer needs
- Bioplastics > Global bioplastics demand forecasts
- Natural fibre > Composite-dedicated natural fibres in France and Europe
SPECIAL JEC EUROPE 2012
- UK, country of honour
- Conferences > 4th International Composites Summit: Composites for mass production
- Awards > JEC Innovation Award Program 2012
- lnnovations
- United States
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
- Failure > Composites failure criteria estimation of A- and Bbasis allowables
- Thin-ply laminates > Structural integrity of thinply laminates
- Bi-angle NCF > Giving more freedom to composite designer through advanced NCF reinforcements
- Fabrics > Novel +a/-b Spread Tow fabrics for the production of tubular items
- Biocomposites > Technical flax & polyamide 11: performance with renewable ressources
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONS
- CFRP > From carbon fibre to carbon-fibre-reinforced thermoplastics
- Design tools > Free design tools with unmatched easy, speed and sophistication
- LFTPC > Thermoplastic Composite structural innovative assemblies for the automotive industry
- Automotive > Sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies for the automotive sector
In the world
Special JEC Asia
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Edito
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Point of view: FRP Composites is a key growth industry for the UK
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Contents
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Agenda of Events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Index
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - In Brief
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Japan > Banpo, serious advantages for the future
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Aerospace > Paul G. Allen wants to revolutionize space travel
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 16
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 18
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Emergency > Composites to the aid of populations
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 20
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 21
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Civil engineering > The largest Indian GRP infrastructure projetc
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Sports and leisure > First small watercraft that is compostable at end of life
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 25
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Human ressources > Quality engineer: ensuring compliance with customer needs
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Bioplastics > Global bioplastics demand forecasts
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 29
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 30
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Natural fibre > Composite-dedicated natural fibres in France and Europe
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 32
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - UK, country of honour
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Conferences > 4th International Composites Summit: Composites for mass production
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 38
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 40
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Awards > JEC Innovation Award Program 2012
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 48
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - lnnovations
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 54
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 55
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - United States
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Failure > Composites failure criteria estimation of A- and Bbasis allowables
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 88
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 89
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 90
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Thin-ply laminates > Structural integrity of thinply laminates
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 92
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Bi-angle NCF > Giving more freedom to composite designer through advanced NCF reinforcements
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 94
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Fabrics > Novel +a/-b Spread Tow fabrics for the production of tubular items
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 96
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 97
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Biocomposites > Technical flax & polyamide 11: performance with renewable ressources
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 99
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 100
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - CFRP > From carbon fibre to carbon-fibre-reinforced thermoplastics
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 102
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 103
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Design tools > Free design tools with unmatched easy, speed and sophistication
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 105
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 106
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - LFTPC > Thermoplastic Composite structural innovative assemblies for the automotive industry
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 108
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 109
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Automotive > Sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies for the automotive sector
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 111
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 112
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 113
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 114
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Special JEC Asia
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 117
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