JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 105

Fig. 3: Representative outputs of buckling modes of open-hole laminates (left) and natural frequency of tubular beam (right)

twisting are also likely to be present. We can demonstrate that laminates are the strongest and toughest when they are homogenized. This is achieved with 2 or 3 ply angles and thin-ply sub-laminates, and repeated 10 or more times. When a laminate is homogenized, the bending-shear coupling as expressed in [B] becomes zero, the normalized in-plane [A*] and normalized flexural [D*] become equal, and suddenly an asymmetric laminate is better than a symmetric one. The in-plane solution of i-MicMac is the same as the general solution when both in-plane and flexural loading are present. With these and other tools which are offered in our online Composites Design Workshop, many traditional design rules laid down 40 years ago can be challenged. Certainly laminates need not be symmetric and balanced. Ply angles should be continuous variables, not fixed. Homogenization is a feature worth exploring. Composite is not black aluminum. Uniaxial strength alone is not sufficient. Simple analysis tools offered here can promote safe and competitive use of composites. We have discovered that Chomarat’s unique thinply NCF can be made with 2 ply angles that can open up many exciting laminate design opportunities. Homogenization can be achieved in as few as 24-ply or 1.5 mm thick laminates. Edge delamination can be suppressed. A [0/25] bi-angle NCF layer is a worthwhile building block of laminates that can reduce weight and cost that the same time. n
More information: steve.tsai@mac.com Acknowledgment Our online workshop and supporting tools were the work of a global team of researchers and engineers, including Jose Daniel Dimiz Melo, Sung Ha, Jin Park, Yasushi Miyano, Melih Papila, Kim Parnell, Jeffrey Fong, TE Tay, Huhammad Ridha, and many students and postdocs. Jan Demone and her Abaqus professionals at Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp. have also given us critical support.

each ply based on FPF and LPF. 3) Failure envelopes of the ultimate strength where ult = max (FPF, LPF). Inputs and outputs of MicMac/FEA are more extensive because it solves many boundary-value problems for FPF and LPF strengths as well as natural frequencies and critical buckling loads. Several case problems are ready to solve with the following pre-existing Abaqus/CAE models: 1) A tensile test coupon of any laminate with different clamped ends. 2) A cantilever circular tube subjected to different end load conditions.

3) A laminate with open circular hole subjected to combined stresses. 4) A laminate with open slotted hole subjected to combined stresses. Solutions of these problems give confidence to users of composites that purely empirical approaches can be improved with even elementary predictions of strength under combined stress that cannot be easily tested. After all, laminates in structures are subjected to combined stresses in nearly all loading cases. While in-plane behavior is a special case of general loading, bending and

Fig. 4: Predicted failure envelopes of open circular and slotted holes under bi-axial stress space using MicMac/FEA.

No71 March 2012

/ jec composites magazine 105



JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012

Cover
Edito
Point of view: FRP Composites is a key growth industry for the UK
Contents
Agenda of Events
Index
COMPANY & BUSINESS
- In Brief
- Japan > Banpo, serious advantages for the future
- Aerospace > Paul G. Allen wants to revolutionize space travel
APPLICATIONS
- Emergency > Composites to the aid of populations
- Civil engineering > The largest Indian GRP infrastructure projetc
- Sports and leisure > First small watercraft that is compostable at end of life
MARKET
- Human ressources > Quality engineer: ensuring compliance with customer needs
- Bioplastics > Global bioplastics demand forecasts
- Natural fibre > Composite-dedicated natural fibres in France and Europe
SPECIAL JEC EUROPE 2012
- UK, country of honour
- Conferences > 4th International Composites Summit: Composites for mass production
- Awards > JEC Innovation Award Program 2012
- lnnovations
- United States
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
- Failure > Composites failure criteria estimation of A- and Bbasis allowables
- Thin-ply laminates > Structural integrity of thinply laminates
- Bi-angle NCF > Giving more freedom to composite designer through advanced NCF reinforcements
- Fabrics > Novel +a/-b Spread Tow fabrics for the production of tubular items
- Biocomposites > Technical flax & polyamide 11: performance with renewable ressources
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONS
- CFRP > From carbon fibre to carbon-fibre-reinforced thermoplastics
- Design tools > Free design tools with unmatched easy, speed and sophistication
- LFTPC > Thermoplastic Composite structural innovative assemblies for the automotive industry
- Automotive > Sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies for the automotive sector
In the world
Special JEC Asia
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Edito
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Point of view: FRP Composites is a key growth industry for the UK
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Contents
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Agenda of Events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Index
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - In Brief
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Japan > Banpo, serious advantages for the future
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Aerospace > Paul G. Allen wants to revolutionize space travel
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 16
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 18
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Emergency > Composites to the aid of populations
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 20
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 21
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Civil engineering > The largest Indian GRP infrastructure projetc
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Sports and leisure > First small watercraft that is compostable at end of life
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 25
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Human ressources > Quality engineer: ensuring compliance with customer needs
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Bioplastics > Global bioplastics demand forecasts
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 29
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 30
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Natural fibre > Composite-dedicated natural fibres in France and Europe
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 32
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - UK, country of honour
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Conferences > 4th International Composites Summit: Composites for mass production
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 38
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 40
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 41
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 42
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 43
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 44
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Awards > JEC Innovation Award Program 2012
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 48
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 50
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 51
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - lnnovations
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 54
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 56
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 57
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 76
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 77
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - United States
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 79
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 80
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 81
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 85
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 86
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Failure > Composites failure criteria estimation of A- and Bbasis allowables
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 88
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 89
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 90
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Thin-ply laminates > Structural integrity of thinply laminates
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 92
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Bi-angle NCF > Giving more freedom to composite designer through advanced NCF reinforcements
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 94
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Fabrics > Novel +a/-b Spread Tow fabrics for the production of tubular items
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 96
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 97
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Biocomposites > Technical flax & polyamide 11: performance with renewable ressources
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 99
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 100
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - CFRP > From carbon fibre to carbon-fibre-reinforced thermoplastics
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 102
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 103
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Design tools > Free design tools with unmatched easy, speed and sophistication
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 105
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 106
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - LFTPC > Thermoplastic Composite structural innovative assemblies for the automotive industry
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 108
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 109
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - - Automotive > Sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies for the automotive sector
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 111
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 112
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 113
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 114
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - Special JEC Asia
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 117
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 118
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #71 - March 2012 - 119
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