JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 44

CNT

Growth systems
A hot filament CVD (HFCVD) reactor and a DC plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) reactor were used to grow the carbon nanostructures (nanotubes and nanofibres).

The second reactor consists of a vacuum-sealed quartz chamber coaxial to a tube furnace, containing a sample holder and a twin electrode system, as represented in Figure 2.

44

jec composites magazine / No62 January - February 2011

Fig. 2: PECVD reactor

Fig. 1: HFCVD reactor

conditions, it is possible to obtain clusters characterized, for example, by a round shape, small dimensions and a uniform spatial distribution (Fig. 3), or by a very dense distribution of nanoparticles larger than 100nm in diameter with an evident surface feature (Fig. 4). High-quality carbon nanostructures, with a low impurity content and rather smooth walls, were grown on catalyzed PAN- and pitch-based carbon fibres, both in the form of bundles (Fig. 5) and fabrics (Fig. 6), regardless of the cluster size and morphology. Carbonfibre bundles and fabrics appeared fully infiltrated by a network of homogeneously and densely distributed carbon nanostructures. Carbon nanomaterials surrounded the fabric’s fibre bundles uniformly, even in the critical overlapped regions. This new hybrid reinforcement could enlarge the field of application to fibrereinforced composite materials, providing a way to distribute carbon nanomaterials in products with a wide planar extension while avoiding their aggregation. Obviously, when the surface distribution of the catalyst was low, the carbon nanostructures that originated from the metal nanoparticles present on the fibre surface had a low

The first system consists of a water-cooled stainless-steel chamber, a turbomolecular pumping group, and digitally controlled flowmeters, as schematically shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 3: SEM micrograph of small-sized Ni clusters with low surface distribution Fig. 4: SEM micrograph of large-sized Ni clusters with high surface distribution Fig. 6: Carbon nanostructure growth on carbon-fibre fabrics Fig. 5: SEM micrographs of carbon nanostructure growth on carbon-fibre bundles

Catalyst deposition

Nickel clusters were used as catalysts to grow the CNTs. PAN- and pitch-based carbon-fibre bundles and fabrics (the typical reinforcement of traditional polymeric fibrous composites) were used as substrate. Nickel clusters were obtained on the fibre surface by electrochemical deposition (ELD), a simple and inexpensive method widely used to produce thin and thick metal coatings with a very good adherence. Different deposition conditions (duration, applied electrode overpotential, applied passed charge) were tested in order to obtain a uniform and dense distribution of Ni clusters on the carbon-fibre surface, with a narrow diameter distribution. The morphology and surface distribution of the catalyst nanoparticles were found to be dependent on electrodeposition parameters. By varying the operating



JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011

Cover
Edito
Points of view : solutions for every aircrafts
Contents
Agenda of Events
COMPANY & BUSINESS
In Brief
Carbon prepreg - Guangwei Composites, from a finished product to a semi-finished product
Incubation - Composites Technology Park: nurturing green composites
MRO - Mincham Aviation, a specialist with the ambition to match
APPLICATIONS
Automative - From Imagination to reality
Offshore - New carbon fibre compositecomponent for deep-sea use
Leisure - Tenchnology ready for gaming
MARKET
Trends - The natural gas vehicle market
Human capital - R&D manager : inside innovation
Market - An historical overview of the Para-aramid fibres for composites
FEATURE AUTOMATION
Filament winding - Automated filament-winding process for pole production
Robot - Multiple-use robots for composites part manufacturing
WPC - Compact, flexible extruder for new-comers to wood-plastic composites
Robotic - Robotic unit for the automated production of composite components
Injection - Thermoforming and injection moulding in a single mould
Testing - Robotics and non-destructive testing
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
RTM - Highly integrated structure manufactured in on-shot with pre-preg UD tape
CNT - Multiscale hybrid carbon reinforcement for polymeric-matrix composites
Nano-composites - New thermoresistant nano-filled glue for composites
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONS
Reinforcement - Fibre composites, those magical materials
Telecom - New polyster prepreg for composites radomeand antenna applications
Automotive - A new ultra-lightweight sandwich structure for the cars of tomorrow
Innovations
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Edito
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Points of view : solutions for every aircrafts
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Contents
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Agenda of Events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - In Brief
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Carbon prepreg - Guangwei Composites, from a finished product to a semi-finished product
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 12
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Incubation - Composites Technology Park: nurturing green composites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - MRO - Mincham Aviation, a specialist with the ambition to match
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Automative - From Imagination to reality
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 16
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Offshore - New carbon fibre compositecomponent for deep-sea use
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Leisure - Tenchnology ready for gaming
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Trends - The natural gas vehicle market
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 20
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 21
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 22
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Human capital - R&D manager : inside innovation
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Market - An historical overview of the Para-aramid fibres for composites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 25
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Pub
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Filament winding - Automated filament-winding process for pole production
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Robot - Multiple-use robots for composites part manufacturing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 29
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 30
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 31
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - WPC - Compact, flexible extruder for new-comers to wood-plastic composites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Robotic - Robotic unit for the automated production of composite components
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 34
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Injection - Thermoforming and injection moulding in a single mould
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Testing - Robotics and non-destructive testing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 38
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - RTM - Highly integrated structure manufactured in on-shot with pre-preg UD tape
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 41
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 42
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - CNT - Multiscale hybrid carbon reinforcement for polymeric-matrix composites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 44
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Nano-composites - New thermoresistant nano-filled glue for composites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Reinforcement - Fibre composites, those magical materials
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Telecom - New polyster prepreg for composites radomeand antenna applications
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 51
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 53
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Automotive - A new ultra-lightweight sandwich structure for the cars of tomorrow
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - Innovations
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 57
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 58
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 59
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #62 - January/February 2011 - 60
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