JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 70

KNOW-HOW Control g…/… Process control through dielectric monitoring (thermoplastics) can use DYNAMIC sensors. The degree of usefulness for the dielectric monitoring system by detailed characterisation studies of the polymer reactions and the development of a mathematical model of the reaction kinetics. As a general rule, when using DYNAMIC sensors with polymers, the maximum imaginary impedance value (Z”max) is related to the degree of polymerisation. In electrical terms, impedance Z is a measurement related to the electrical circuit, while conductivity σ is a measurement related to material properties. For the purpose of monitoring manufacturing processes, impedance is measured and modelled based on equivalent circuit analysis and simulation where a series of circuit elements is used to simulate the material’s electric response and its evolution during processing. A control software routine (Figure 2) was created to exploit the relationship between the maximum imaginary impedance of a polymeric material and the evolution of its cure. This software optimises the processing conditions by automatically determining, adjusting and updating the heating and cooling rates and the point of demoulding the component. By optimising these parameters, the control system makes it possible to reduce the time that the mould is kept at elevated temperature, thus increasing throughput and decreasing energy consumption. footprint sensor element that is capable of working at elevated temperatures (up to 300°C) and pressures (confirmed up to 20 bar or 2,000 kPa at room temperature). Fig. 3: Dielectric sensor evolution. Using a swept frequency sinusoidal excitation waveform in AC mode, measurements are performed and analysis of frequency response is made, allowing tracking of the material’s changing impedance in real time. The sensor creates an electric field at the vicinity of the capacitive grid as seen in Figure 4 penetrating the material at a predefined depth. In the air, the background sensor signal is produced by the highly insulated substrate material. With the introduction of another material, or dielectric, within the electric field as shown in Figure 5, the Fig. 4: The DYNAMIC sensor. capacitance and resistance of the sensor will change. Furthermore, if the material in contact with the sensor is subject to chemical changes, the capacitance and resistance will vary in relation to the changing material state. Fig. 2: User interface of process control software (National Technical University of Athens). The sensor The DYNAMIC sensor is the latest in a long line of capacitive interdigital sensors developed as part of UK government and European funded projects. The sensor mounting system is based in a simple gland assembly, with connections and sealing of the sensor elements. Capacitive sensor technology has been growing and developing since the 80s, and the DYNAMIC sensor is the latest iteration of its kind as shown in Figure 3. It provides a hard-wearing, smallFig. 5: Principle of dielectric sensing and equivalent circuit representation. By understanding the way the electrical or dielectric properties 70 jec composites magazine / No48 May 2009

JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009

Cover
INDEX
CONTENTS
NEWS WORLDWIDE
Companies - AGY expands into Asia Pacific
- Ranger uses expertise to gain foothold in China
- Swancor: two-digit growth and double the ambition
Agenda of events
Innovations - Diamond tool producer celebrates 50th anniversary
 - Eliminating dust from your work environment
 - Autoclaves from XS to XXL
BUSINESS
Market survey - Industrialization of the carboncomposite industry (2nd part)
Strategy - Growth strategies during turbulent times
Trends - A comprehensive view of software and services
Niche market: Luggage - Beautiful structural balance
FEATURE AERONAUTICS
Design - Pushing the envelope in composites design
Engineering - Reducing the complexity of composites engineering
Testing - Laboratory infusion test unit: for new materials testing and process validation
Simulation - An industrial solution to simulate post-buckling and damage
Application - Attainable solutions with composite materials
 - Benzoxazine resin sytems for future interior applications
 - Prototype A350 XWB composite wing spars
FEATURE DISTRIBUTION
Japan - Strongly committed to customer satisfaction
India - “Distribution in India is quite a complex and challenging proposition”
Iran - The History of Polyfiber Company
Australia - Lance Brown: a global market view
USERS’ PLATFORM
Composites in the world - Adaptive energy concept
 - Golf club head
 - Thermoplastic wind turbines in Antarctica
 - High-quality headphones
Successful partners - The A400M cargo door: faster, lighter and better value
Application - Mass-produced zero-emission vehicle
KNOW-HOW
Nanotubes - Carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix composite structures
Control - Process control through dielectric monitoring
Materials - Recent advancements in materials for liquid resin infusion
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 3
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 4
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - INDEX
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - CONTENTS
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 8
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Companies - AGY expands into Asia Pacific
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - - Ranger uses expertise to gain foothold in China
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 12
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - - Swancor: two-digit growth and double the ambition
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Agenda of events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Innovations - Diamond tool producer celebrates 50th anniversary
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 -  - Eliminating dust from your work environment
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 -  - Autoclaves from XS to XXL
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - BUSINESS
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Market survey - Industrialization of the carboncomposite industry (2nd part)
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Strategy - Growth strategies during turbulent times
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 25
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 26
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Trends - A comprehensive view of software and services
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 28
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 29
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Niche market: Luggage - Beautiful structural balance
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - FEATURE AERONAUTICS
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Design - Pushing the envelope in composites design
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 34
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Engineering - Reducing the complexity of composites engineering
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 36
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Testing - Laboratory infusion test unit: for new materials testing and process validation
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Simulation - An industrial solution to simulate post-buckling and damage
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 41
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Application - Attainable solutions with composite materials
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 43
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 -  - Benzoxazine resin sytems for future interior applications
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 -  - Prototype A350 XWB composite wing spars
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - FEATURE DISTRIBUTION
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Japan - Strongly committed to customer satisfaction
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 50
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - India - “Distribution in India is quite a complex and challenging proposition”
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Iran - The History of Polyfiber Company
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 54
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Australia - Lance Brown: a global market view
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 56
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - USERS’ PLATFORM
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 -  - Golf club head
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 -  - High-quality headphones
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Successful partners - The A400M cargo door: faster, lighter and better value
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 61
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Application - Mass-produced zero-emission vehicle
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - KNOW-HOW
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Nanotubes - Carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix composite structures
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 65
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 66
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 67
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 68
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Control - Process control through dielectric monitoring
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 70
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 71
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - Materials - Recent advancements in materials for liquid resin infusion
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 73
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 74
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 75
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #48 - May 2009 - 76
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2211_148
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2209_147
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2206_146
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2204_145
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2201_144
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm211_143
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2109_142
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2107_141
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2105_140
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2103_139
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm-experts-digest-additive-manufacturing-2020
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2101_138
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2011_Special_Issue4
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2011_137
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2009_136
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2007_135
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm_2020_Q1_Innovation_Report
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2005_Special_Issue3
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2005_134
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2003_133
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm2001_132
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1911_Special_Issue2
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1911_131
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1909_130
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1907_129
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1905_128
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1903_Special_Issue1
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1903_127
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1901_126
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1811_125
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1810_124
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1808_123
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1807_122
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1805_121
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1804_120
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1803_119
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1802_119-Supplement_Innovation_Report
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1801_118
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1711_117
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1710_116
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1708_115
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1707_114
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1706_113
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1704_112
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1703_111
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1701_110
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1611_109
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1610_108
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1608_107
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1607_106
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1605_105
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1604_104
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1603_103
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1601_102
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1511_101
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1510_100
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1509_99
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1507_98
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1505_97
https://www.nxtbook.fr/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1504_96
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1503_95
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1501_94
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1412_93
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1410_92
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1409_91
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1406_90
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1405_89
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1404_88
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1403_87
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1401_86
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1311_85
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1310_84
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1308_83
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1307_82
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1305_81
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1304_80
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1303_79
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1301_78
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1212_77
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1210_76
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1208_75
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1207_74
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1206_73
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1204_72
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1203_71
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1201_70
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1111_69
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1110_68
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1108_67
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1107_66
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1105_65
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1104_64
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1103_63
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1101_62
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1011_61
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1010_60
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1009_59
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1006_58
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1005_57
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1004_56
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1003_55
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm1001_54
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0911_53
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0910_52
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0909_51
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0907-08_50
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0906_49
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0904_48
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0903_47
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0901_46
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0811_45
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0810_44
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0809_43
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0807_42
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0806_41
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0805_40
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0803_39
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0801_38
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0712_37
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0710_36
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0709_35
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0707_34
https://www.nxtbook.com/newpress/jeccomposites/jcm0706_33
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com