JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 38

FEATURE “Biocomposites” the model predictions should obviously be adjusted to reflect the actual material, as shown by the examples in Figure 2. In comparison to glass fibres, plant fibres typically have lower stiffness (about 50 GPa vs. 70 GPa), and the related composites therefore also have lower maximum obtainable stiffness. This is shown in Figure 4A, which shows model predictions for plant- and glass-fibre composites with a 2D random fibre orientation. The figure demonstrates a commonly made observation that glass-fibre composites are stiffer than plant-fibre composites. g…/… Guidelines for mechanical design with biocomposites Weight of biocomposites Fig. 2: Experimental data and model predictions of stiffness for two types of biocomposites A key technical advantage of plant fibres is their relatively low density of about 1.50 g/cm3. The combination of low density and impregnation), which restrains the increase in stiffness. For fibre weight fractions above the transition value, a component of structural porosity is developed because the available matrix volume is insufficient to fill the free space between fibres. It can be observed in Figure 2 that the experimental data are well predicted by the model lines. Using a similar model approach as above, Figure 3 shows overall guidelines for mechanical properties (stiffness) of biocomposites with different fibre orientations: 1) unidirectional, 2) 2D random, and 3) 3D random. Fig. 3: Guidelines for stiffness of biocomposites with variable fibre orientation and fibre stiffness. For each fibre orientation, three curves are shown where the plant fibres are set to have effective stiffnesses of 60, 50 or 40 GPa, which are believed to be characteristic for plant fibres. The matrix in the composites is assumed to have a stiffness of 1.5 GPa and a density of 1.0 g/cm3, i.e. typical properties of a thermoplastic polymer like polypropylene. The predictions in Figure 3 should be considered to reflect the optimal performance of the composites in the situation of no processing-related porosity and perfect fibre/matrix interface. The guidelines in Figure 3 show that with the given setting of the model parameters, the maximum obtainable stiffness for biocomposites with the three fibre orientations is in the ranges of 20-30 GPa for unidirectional, 7-11 GPa for 2D random and 3-5 GPa for 3D random. In the case of a specific biocomposite material, Fig. 4: Guidelines for comparison between plant-fibre and glass-fibre composites with 2D random fibre orientation: (A) stiffness per volume, (B) stiffness per weight (C) stiffness per cost JEC Composites Magazine / No37 December 2007

JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007

Cover
Edito
CONTENTS
NEWS WORLDWIDE
- Companies
- Agenda of events
- Innovations
BUSINESS
- Trends
- Market survey: China
- Initiative
- Niche markets
- Human capital
FEATURE - BIOCOMPOSITES
- Properties
- Materials
- Applications
USERS’ PLATFORM
- Composites in the world
- Applications
- Successful partners
- Impact analysis
KNOW-HOW
- Thermoplastic fabric
- Control
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - Edito
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 4
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - CONTENTS
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Companies
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 10
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Agenda of events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Innovations
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 16
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Trends
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 19
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Market survey: China
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 21
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 22
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 24
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 25
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 26
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Initiative
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 29
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Niche markets
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 31
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Human capital
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Properties
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 36
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Materials
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 38
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 40
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 41
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Applications
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 43
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 44
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 46
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 48
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Composites in the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 51
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Applications
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 53
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Successful partners
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - KNOW-HOW
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 57
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 58
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Thermoplastic fabric
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 60
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 61
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - - Control
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 63
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 64
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 65
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 66
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 67
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #37 - December 2007 - 68
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