JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 65

bundle is guaranteed by the fibre’s permanent crimp and the fibrillation of broken fibre ends. - For inorganic fibres, the cohesiveness of the fibre bundle is guaranteed by the use of a sizing compound that is very slightly but reversibly adhesive. The compound also reduces friction during subsequent spinning steps. A population of representative fibres is obtained from a sliver by combing the sliver ends and taking little fibre “brush” samples at various randomly chosen points. Main applications of TPFL® prepregs Medical Sports & leisure Aeronautics Marine Etc. More information Obtaining TPFL® yarns for thermoplastic composites: the general process Fig. 1: Histogram The fibres are then classified in descending order of length, and the median height (Hm), maximum length (Hmax), and distribution variation coefficient are determined. Choice of parameters for the carbon fibres used in the TPFL® product blends The mean heights chosen are a function of the processing techniques used to make the yarns. Typically, these range between 60 and 120 mm for a maximum length of 200 mm. The shorter fibres, accounting for about 5% of the population, are approximately 10 mm long. The stretch-breaking conversion process is highly reliable. For the same settings and materials, the parameters change quite uniformly. Description of the TPFL® materials obtained from these blends The fibres are bound together by surrounding them with the same type of polymer yarn that is used in the blend. When the yarns are heat- and pressure-processed, this architecture allows maintaining the carbon in the form of a fibre and melting the polymer yarns into a matrix. timp α This relationship indicates that the impregnation time is proportional to x2 (the square of the mean distance between polymer fibres) and to η(T) (the dynamic viscosity of the polymer). Vf represents the carbon fibre volume; k is the porosity of the preform; Papp is the pressure applied during processing; and Pcap is the pressure linked to the surface energy of the carbon fibre. We can see clearly how a good fibre blend can help to minimise x2. The viscosity must also be as low as possible. The yarns spun from the fibres are very flexible and can be used to make the following types of preform: - twill- or satin-based 2D fabrics, - UD yarn made with polymer weft identical to the polymer in the blend, - preconsolidated UD from 75 to 100 mm obtained from the blend of fibres (these can be used in UD or multiaxial materials), One important parameter is the mean distance between polymer fibres, as this distance is a key element in the impregnating law that we will discuss further down. When the fibres are correctly blended, with a precision of ± 1 point with respect to the desired fibre volume, the blend is spun in a special way that preserves the unidirectional alignment of the two constituent fibres. This system is governed by an impregnation law (N. Barnet – Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale in Lausanne) based on Darcy’s law, showing the influence of certain parameters on impregnation time and whereby timp is given by: Discontinuous carbon fibre slivers can be blended with thermoplastic polymer fibres for which the length distribution is about the same as that of the carbon fibres. This condition is crucial, because it determines how homogeneous the blend will be. The polymer fibres also come in sliver form. By stacking the two types of sliver in a drafting system, it is possible to obtain a homogeneous distribution of polymer fibres among the carbon fibres. No33 June 2007 / JEC Composites Magazine

JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007

Editorial
Market Place
Advertisers & Index
Contents
NEWS WORLDWIDE
- Companies
- Agenda of events
- Innovations
BUSINESS
- Market survey
- Trends
- Niche markets
- Human capital
FEATURE - CONSTRUCTION
- Process
- Equipment
- Application
USERS’ PLATFORM
- Composites in the world
- Applications
KNOW-HOW
- Stretch-broken fibres
- Metal matrix
- Durability
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 1
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - Editorial
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - Market Place
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - Advertisers & Index
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - Contents
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Companies
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 10
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Agenda of events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Innovations
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 16
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 18
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 19
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 20
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 21
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 22
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - BUSINESS
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Market survey
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 25
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 26
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Trends
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 28
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Niche markets
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Human capital
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - FEATURE - CONSTRUCTION
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Process
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Equipment
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 36
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Application
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 38
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 40
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 41
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 43
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 44
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 46
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 48
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 50
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 51
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 53
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 54
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - USERS’ PLATFORM
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Composites in the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 57
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Applications
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 59
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 60
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 61
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 62
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - KNOW-HOW
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Stretch-broken fibres
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 65
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 66
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Metal matrix
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 68
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 69
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 70
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - - Durability
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 72
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 73
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 74
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 75
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #33 - June 2007 - 76
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