Paris Transport and Travel 2007 Report - (Page 49)

Atmospheric pollution Air quality monitoring (on 31.12.2007) Source : AIRPARIF Mairie de Paris 47 stations on the AIRPARIF network are spread around the Ile-de-France region, including 12 in Paris. They measure characteristic indicators of pollution sources. - 40 background stations: (32 urban or suburban stations, including 6 in Paris and 8 regional rural stations); - 6 roadside automobile stations, including 5 in Paris; - 1 observation station. For some compounds, the continuous measurements are supplemented by laboratory analyses, spot measurement campaigns and finally by modelling tools capable of forecasting the background pollution for the following day, as well as of providing a real-time description of emissions and localised automobile pollution along the main roads on the Ile-de-France road network. Since 2007, AIRPARIF has also been carrying out additional roadside measurements of benzene and NO2 from automobile traffic (17 sites for NO2 and 13 sites for benzene in 2007). These measurements are taken using passive tubes, with a sampling period of 7 consecutive days, for 15 to 30 weeks over the course of the year, depending on the site. The method used enables annual averages to be estimated. In 2007 the weather was unusual. Firstly, the month of April was particularly sunny, with almost summerlike weather conditions. The end of the year however was marked by a cold, sunny and windless anticyclone. These two periods were highly prejudicial to air quality. The rest of the year was on the whole favourable to pollutant dispersion, including during the summer, when the months of June to August were particularly cool, cloudy and rainy. Consequently, the ozone notification threshold was reached 3 times in 2007, including one exceptionally early incident on 15 April, followed by 25 May and 4 August. In winter, the nitrogen dioxide notification threshold was reached twice, on 22 and 23 December. These two days also experienced particularly heavily particle counts. Background stations: These stations measure the unavoidable open-air exposure of the population of the Ile de France region. There are urban stations (in the areas of high population density), suburban stations (around the periphery of the city), and rural regional stations (at about fifty kilometres from the city centre). Roadside stations: They are situated within the direct and predominant influence of a particular source or type of pollution. The automobile stations (a few metres from the road traffic) measure what pedestrians on the pavement, cyclists and car drivers breathe in. Observation stations: Designed to study particular exposures (station on the 3rd floor of the Eiffel Tower). Notification and alert procedure in force in 2007 (Defined by an inter-prefectoral Order dated 24 June1999, modified on 12 July 2002 and 12 July 2005) Trigger thresholds (hourly value in μg/m3) Hourly level in μg/m3 Nitrogen dioxide NO2 Ozone O3 Sulphur dioxide SO2 Notification and alert procedure Comprises notification of the population, the administrative and technical services, and the elected officials of the départements of the Ile-de-France region, but also health recommendations and emission reduction measures. It is triggered when the notification thresholds are exceeded. In addition to the actions involved in the previous level, it comprises measures to restrict or suspend activities contributing to the pollution in particular the alternating traffic measure. It is triggered when the alert thresholds are or are liable to be exceeded. The Order dated 12 July 2005 (modifying that of 12 July 2002): It entered application on 1 August 2005. There are two main types of modifications: grouping of the three previous zones into a single one (the Ile-de-France region as a whole) and modification of the ozone alert thresholds, to ensure compliance with European regulations. Placing the administrative and technical services on heightened alert: This is based on forecasts of the notification thresholds being exceeded Exceeding of thresholds: In order to be valid, this must be observed on three measurement sites simultaneously, including at least one background site. Public notification and recommendation threshold 200 180 300 Alert threshold 400 or 200 If this threshold is exceeded the previous day and there is a risk of it being exceeded the following day 240 (1st threshold) 3 h consecutively 500 3h consecutively 300 360 (2nd threshold) 3 h consecutively (3rd threshold) In accordance with the inter-prefectoral Order dated 3 December 2007, PM10 particle measurements are now incorporated into the public notification and alert procedure in the event of a pollution peak. In the Ile-de-France region, implementation of this Order has been effective since 25 January 2008. 49

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Paris Transport and Travel 2007 Report

Cover
Contents
Journeys in the Paris region
Public transport
Travel by bicycle
Pedestrians on the move
Journeys made by people with reduced mobility
Traffic
Travel by motorcycle
Parking
Journeys by taxi
Journeys made by tourists
The carriage of goods
Travel safety
Planning public space
Atmospheric pollution
Economic backdrop
Key figures for 2007
The Observatoire des déplacements (Paris transport  monitoring center)

Paris Transport and Travel 2007 Report

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